La jurisdicción civil en materia religiosa en las controversias del siglo XVI en el contexto de la Reforma
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2018-07
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El poder y los límites del magistrado civil en materia de fe religiosa constituyen los puntos nodales de la controversia desarrollada en el ámbito Protestante, entre las muchas interpretaciones de la Reforma, respecto a la aplicación de la pena capital para los herejes. El proceso del médico antitrinitarista español Miguel Serveto, analizado en sus puntos críticos de procedimiento en las obras de Sébastien Castellion, constituye la principal acusación contra Calvino y Teodoro de Beza y la primera afirmación explícita de la ilegitimidad de la pena de muerte bajo el perfil jurídico. La defensa de la autonomía del hombre en el ámbito religioso, con respecto a la jurisdicción política y religiosa, constituye la primera afirmación de los valores de dignidad y libertad del individuo en relación con la autoridad y permite delinear un nuevo orden de relaciones entre el derecho y la religión en cuanto a lo conocido hasta entonces en Europa, que encontrará su formulación más lograda en las ideas iluministas y en la afirmación de la laicidad de los sistemas políticos para la protección del pluralismo de valores y derechos de libertad.
The power and the limitations of the civil magistrate regarding the religious belief constitute the nodal points of the controversy which has developed in the protestant field between the different interpretations of the Reform regarding the application of the death penalty for the heretics. The trial of Michael Servetus, an anti-Trinitarian physician, analysed in its critical procedural points in Sébastien Castellion’s works, constitutes the main act of accusation against Calvin and Theodore Beza and the first explicit statement of the illegitimacy of the death penalty, from a legal point of view. The defence of the autonomy of man in the religious field from the political and religious jurisdiction constitutes the first statement of the values of dignity and freedom of the individual against the authority and it allows to draw a new layout of the relations between law and religion, which is different from the one known until that era in Europe, and that will find its fullest expression in the ideas of the Enlightenment and in the assertion of the secularization of the political orders for the protection of the pluralism of the values and rights of freedom.
The power and the limitations of the civil magistrate regarding the religious belief constitute the nodal points of the controversy which has developed in the protestant field between the different interpretations of the Reform regarding the application of the death penalty for the heretics. The trial of Michael Servetus, an anti-Trinitarian physician, analysed in its critical procedural points in Sébastien Castellion’s works, constitutes the main act of accusation against Calvin and Theodore Beza and the first explicit statement of the illegitimacy of the death penalty, from a legal point of view. The defence of the autonomy of man in the religious field from the political and religious jurisdiction constitutes the first statement of the values of dignity and freedom of the individual against the authority and it allows to draw a new layout of the relations between law and religion, which is different from the one known until that era in Europe, and that will find its fullest expression in the ideas of the Enlightenment and in the assertion of the secularization of the political orders for the protection of the pluralism of the values and rights of freedom.
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