Selective Ion Capturing via Carbon Nanotubes Charging

Abstract

We present a phenomenon consisting of the synergistic effects of a capacitive material, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and an ion-selective, thin-layer membrane. CNTs can trigger a charge disbalance and propagate this effect into a thin-layer membrane domain under mildly polarization conditions. With the exceptional selectivity and the fast establishment of new concentration profiles provided by the thin-layer membrane, a selective ion capture from the solution is expected, which is necessarily linked to the charge generation on the CNTs lattice. As a proof-of-concept, we investigated an arrangement based on a layer of CNTs modified with a nanometer-sized, potassium-selective membrane to conform an actuator that is in contact with a thin-layer aqueous solution (thickness of 50 μm). The potassium ion content was fixed in the solution (0.1−10 mM range), and the system was operated for 120 s at −400 mV (with respect to the open circuit potential). A 10-fold decrease from the initial potassium concentration in the thin-layer solution was detected through either a potentiometric potassium-selective sensor or an optode confronted to the actuator system. This work is significant, because it provides empirical evidence for interconnected charge transfer processes in CNT−membrane systems (actuators) that result in controlled ion uptake from the solution, which is monitored by a sensor. One potential application of this concept is the removal of ionic interferences in a sample by means of the actuator to enhance precision of analytical assessments of a charged or neutral target in the sample with the sensor.