Eficacia de los tratamientos ortopodológicos en pacientes con apofisitis calcánea. Revisión sistemática.
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2020-06-01
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La apofisitis calcánea es una lesión musculoesquelética
común en niños entre 8-15 años. Representa entre el 2 - 16% de las consultas
en clínicas deportivas. Se manifiesta con dolor y sensibilidad localizada en la
región posterior e inferior del calcáneo en pacientes físicamente activos o con
obesidad. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer el nivel
de eficacia de los tratamientos ortopodológicos en pacientes con Apofisitis
Calcánea. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión
sistemática siguiendo el método PRISMA, en bases de datos como Cochrane
Library, CINAHL, DOAJ, IBECS, LILACS, PEDro, PUBMED, sciELO y Web of
Science utilizando los descriptores: “Foot orthoses”, “Quality of Life”, “Pain”,
“Orthotic Devices”. La búsqueda fue realizada entre febrero y abril de 2020. Para
evaluar el nivel de evidencia metodológica de los artículos incluidos se empleó
la escala Risk of Bias de Cochrane. Los artículos incluían pacientes
diagnosticados de apofisitis calcánea y que fueran tratados mediante tratamiento
ortopodológico. Se excluyeron aquellos estudios con pacientes que tuvieran otra
patología y tratados con otro tratamiento previamente. RESULTADOS: Se han
seleccionado un total de 5 artículos publicados entre 2011 y 2016 con un nivel
de evidencia alto para tener en consideración los resultados obtenidos. Los
tratamientos más utilizados fueron ortesis plantares, fisioterapia y calzado
deportivo. Las variables más estudiadas fueron dolor y calidad de vida. En los 5
artículos hubo mejoras significativas con el uso de ortesis plantares para el
tratamiento de la apofisitis calcánea entre el valor inicial y el valor final con
respecto a las escalas del dolor. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento
ortopodológico es el tratamiento más efectivo para disminuir el dolor de la
apofisitis calcánea como tratamiento único, aunque otro tipo de terapias
conservadoras como fisioterapia o calzado también son eficaces.
BACKGROUND: Calcaneal apophysitis is a common musculoskeletal injury in children around 8-15 years. Represents between 2 - 16% of consultations in sports clinics. It manifests with pain and sensitivity located on both the posterior and inferior region of the calcaneus, it’s specifically found on physically active or obese children and teenagers. OBJETIVES: The main objective of this study is to know the level of efficacy of orthopedic treatments in patients with Calcaneal Apophysitis. METHODS: A systematic review has been carried out following the PRISMA method, in databases such as Cochrane Library, CINAHL, DOAJ, IBECS, LILACS, PEDro, PUBMED, sciELO and Web of Science using the descriptors: “Foot orthoses” , "Quality of Life", "Pain", "Orthotic Devices". The search was carried out during February and April of 2020. To examine the level of methodological evidence of the articles included, the Cochrane Risk of Bias scale was used. The articles included patients diagnosed with calcaneal apophysitis and treated with orthopedic treatment. Those studies whose patients had another pathology and had been previously treated with another treatment were excluded. RESULTS: As well as taking into consideration 5 articles that has been published between 2011 and 2016 with a good amounts of evidence have been selected to take into account the results obtained from the study. The most used treatments were plantar orthoses, physiotherapy and sports shoes. The most used treatments were plantar orthoses, physiotherapy and sports shoes. The most studied variables were pain and quality of life. In fact in all 5 articles there were significant improvements with the use of plantar orthoses for the treatment of calcaneal apophysitis between the initial value and the final value with respect to pain scales. CONCLUSIONS: Orthopedic treatment is the most effective treatment to reduce the pain of calcaneal apophysitis as the only treatment, although other types of conservative therapies such as physical therapy or footwear are also treatments.
BACKGROUND: Calcaneal apophysitis is a common musculoskeletal injury in children around 8-15 years. Represents between 2 - 16% of consultations in sports clinics. It manifests with pain and sensitivity located on both the posterior and inferior region of the calcaneus, it’s specifically found on physically active or obese children and teenagers. OBJETIVES: The main objective of this study is to know the level of efficacy of orthopedic treatments in patients with Calcaneal Apophysitis. METHODS: A systematic review has been carried out following the PRISMA method, in databases such as Cochrane Library, CINAHL, DOAJ, IBECS, LILACS, PEDro, PUBMED, sciELO and Web of Science using the descriptors: “Foot orthoses” , "Quality of Life", "Pain", "Orthotic Devices". The search was carried out during February and April of 2020. To examine the level of methodological evidence of the articles included, the Cochrane Risk of Bias scale was used. The articles included patients diagnosed with calcaneal apophysitis and treated with orthopedic treatment. Those studies whose patients had another pathology and had been previously treated with another treatment were excluded. RESULTS: As well as taking into consideration 5 articles that has been published between 2011 and 2016 with a good amounts of evidence have been selected to take into account the results obtained from the study. The most used treatments were plantar orthoses, physiotherapy and sports shoes. The most used treatments were plantar orthoses, physiotherapy and sports shoes. The most studied variables were pain and quality of life. In fact in all 5 articles there were significant improvements with the use of plantar orthoses for the treatment of calcaneal apophysitis between the initial value and the final value with respect to pain scales. CONCLUSIONS: Orthopedic treatment is the most effective treatment to reduce the pain of calcaneal apophysitis as the only treatment, although other types of conservative therapies such as physical therapy or footwear are also treatments.
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