Innocent III (1198-1216) et l'Ancien Testament: politique et exégèse dans la Deliberatio Domini Papae Innocentii Super Facto Imperii de Tribus Electis
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2016-07
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La recherche a remarqué avec étonnement l’importance des citations de l’Ancien Testament dans les lettres d’Innocent III. Cet article se propose d’examiner la méthode exégétique du pape dans la Deliberatio domini papae Innocentii super facto de tribus electis. Cette collection de lettres fut commandée par le pape en personne qui sinon rédigea, du moins lu et corrigea ces missives. Celles-ci réflètent donc sa pensée idéologique et son bagage biblique. Ces lettres (de 1198 à 1209) expriment l’opposition catégorique d’Innocent à l’élection de Frédéric (fils de l’empereur Henri VI Hohenstaufen (d.1197) ou de son oncle Philippe de Souabe aux trônes allemand et impérial. Craignant l’impérialisme des Hohenstaufen en Italie, Le pape soutint la candidature du Welf Othon de Brunswick, neveu de Richard-Coeur-de Lion (d.1199) et de Jean-Sans-Terre d’Angleterre. Pour persuader les électeurs allemands d’élire Othon, le pape commente des versets de l’Ancien Testament, alliant son exégèse biblique au droit canon. Pour évaluer la contribution d’Innocent à l’exégèse biblique, elle sera replacée dans l’évolution de l’exégèse biblique au XIIe siècle, de S. Bernard à André de St Victor et aux écoles parisiennes où le pape fit ses études de théologie.
The reseach on Innocent III’s letters is puzzled by the number of his quotations of the Old Testament.This article will examine the pope’s exegetical method in the Deliberatio domini papae Innocentii super facto imperii de tribus electis. Innocent himself ordered this collection of his letters to be made. At the very least, he read the letters and corrected them, selected the Biblical quotations and commented them, so that they reflect his ideology and Biblical learning. Written from 1198 to 1209, the letters express the pope’s strong opposition to the election of Frederic, the emperor Henry VI Hohenstaufen’s (d.1197) son, or of Philip of Swabia, Henry VI’s brother. Fearing the Hohenstaufen’s imperialistic policies in Italy, the pope supported the candidacy of the Welf Otto of Brunswick, the nephew of Richard the Lionheart (d.1199) and John Lackland. In order to convince the German electors to elect Otto, the pope quoted and commented the Old Testament, reinforcing his exegesis by means of Canon Law. This discussion of Innocent’s exegetical method is placed in the frame of the evolution of twelfth century Biblical exegesis, from St. Bernard to Andrew of St Victor and the Parisian schools where Innocent had studied theology.
The reseach on Innocent III’s letters is puzzled by the number of his quotations of the Old Testament.This article will examine the pope’s exegetical method in the Deliberatio domini papae Innocentii super facto imperii de tribus electis. Innocent himself ordered this collection of his letters to be made. At the very least, he read the letters and corrected them, selected the Biblical quotations and commented them, so that they reflect his ideology and Biblical learning. Written from 1198 to 1209, the letters express the pope’s strong opposition to the election of Frederic, the emperor Henry VI Hohenstaufen’s (d.1197) son, or of Philip of Swabia, Henry VI’s brother. Fearing the Hohenstaufen’s imperialistic policies in Italy, the pope supported the candidacy of the Welf Otto of Brunswick, the nephew of Richard the Lionheart (d.1199) and John Lackland. In order to convince the German electors to elect Otto, the pope quoted and commented the Old Testament, reinforcing his exegesis by means of Canon Law. This discussion of Innocent’s exegetical method is placed in the frame of the evolution of twelfth century Biblical exegesis, from St. Bernard to Andrew of St Victor and the Parisian schools where Innocent had studied theology.
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