Relación entre oclusión y postura en atletas de voleibol
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2021-05-21
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Abstract
Introducción: Una maloclusión desplaza el baricentro y conlleva un desgaste
energético para mantener el equilibrio, reduciendo el rendimiento deportivo. El
voleibol requiere un exquisito control postural. Se sugiere el uso del protector
bucal para mejorar la postura y el equilibrio.
Objetivos: Reequilibrar la oclusión de voleibolistas mediante un dispositivo
intrabucal para mejorar la estabilidad postural. Evaluar los problemas oclusales
y posturales comunes en estas atletas.
Metodología: Se analizaron 5 jugadoras de voleibol entre 18 y 36 años mediante
un protocolo clínico enfocado al análisis oclusal mediante electromiografía de
superficie, libertad de movimiento cervical y evaluación postural en plataforma
estabilométrica para confeccionar un dispositivo intrabucal para este deporte.
Resultados: La electromiografía de superficie del grupo estudiado mostró una
predominancia de contracción de los músculos temporales con respecto a los
maseteros, desplazamiento anterior del baricentro en casi todas las jugadoras y
algún tipo de limitación de movimiento cervical. Con el protector bucal se
equilibró dicha situación aunque dicho dispositivo no tuvo efectos beneficiosos
significativos sobre las oscilaciones corporales estáticas, incluso empeoró la
situación inicial en algunas de ellas. La postura de todas las voleibolistas se
caracterizó por una asimetría en la cintura escapular desde el plano frontal y
plano escapular anteriorizado sagitalmente.
Conclusiones: La presencia de un protector bucal individualizado permite
equilibrar la oclusión. Hay problemas oclusales y posturales comunes en las
atletas de voleibol. La estabilidad postural en situación estática no mejora
significativamente entre la posición de máxima intercuspidación y con la
presencia de un dispositivo individualizado entre las arcadas.
Introduction: A malocclusion displaces the barycentre and leads to energy expenditure to maintain balance, reducing sporting performance. Volleyball requires exquisite postural control. The use of a mouthguard is suggested to improve posture and balance. Aims: To rebalance the occlusion of volleyball players using an intraoral device to improve postural stability. To evaluate common occlusal and postural problems in these athletes. Methodology: Five female volleyball players between 18 and 36 years of age were analysed using a clinical protocol focused on occlusal analysis by means of surface electromyography, cervical freedom of movement and postural evaluation on a stabilometric platform in order to create an intraoral device for this sport. Results: The surface electromyography of the group studied showed a predominance of contraction of the temporalis muscles with respect to the masseter muscles, anterior displacement of the barycentre in almost all the players and some type of limitation of cervical movement. With the mouthguard, this situation was balanced, although this device had no significant beneficial effect on static body oscillations, and even worsened the initial situation in some of them. The posture of all the volleyball players was characterised by an asymmetry in the shoulder girdle from the frontal plane and sagittal anteriorised scapular plane. Conclusions: The presence of an individualised mouthguard allows balancing the occlusion. There are common occlusal and postural problems in female volleyball athletes. Postural stability in static situation does not improve significantly between the maximum intercuspidation position and with the presence of an individualised device between the arches.
Introduction: A malocclusion displaces the barycentre and leads to energy expenditure to maintain balance, reducing sporting performance. Volleyball requires exquisite postural control. The use of a mouthguard is suggested to improve posture and balance. Aims: To rebalance the occlusion of volleyball players using an intraoral device to improve postural stability. To evaluate common occlusal and postural problems in these athletes. Methodology: Five female volleyball players between 18 and 36 years of age were analysed using a clinical protocol focused on occlusal analysis by means of surface electromyography, cervical freedom of movement and postural evaluation on a stabilometric platform in order to create an intraoral device for this sport. Results: The surface electromyography of the group studied showed a predominance of contraction of the temporalis muscles with respect to the masseter muscles, anterior displacement of the barycentre in almost all the players and some type of limitation of cervical movement. With the mouthguard, this situation was balanced, although this device had no significant beneficial effect on static body oscillations, and even worsened the initial situation in some of them. The posture of all the volleyball players was characterised by an asymmetry in the shoulder girdle from the frontal plane and sagittal anteriorised scapular plane. Conclusions: The presence of an individualised mouthguard allows balancing the occlusion. There are common occlusal and postural problems in female volleyball athletes. Postural stability in static situation does not improve significantly between the maximum intercuspidation position and with the presence of an individualised device between the arches.
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