Eficacia del fortalecimiento de la musculatura intrínseca plantar en pacientes con pie plano. Revisión sistemática.
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2021-06-10
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Introducción: El pie plano es una modificación de la anatomía estructural del
pie que puede ser unilateral o bilateral. La prevalencia de dicha patología gira en
torno al 25% de la población. Puede presentarse desde el nacimiento (pie plano
congénito) o desarrollarse en la edad adulta (pie plano adulto adquirido). La
incidencia de pie plano disminuye con el aumento de edad. Aproximadamente
un 15% de la población adulta con pie plano adquirido, no presenta síntomas,
pero existe un 7-15% que desarrolla síntomas y necesita tratamiento. Objetivo:
El objetivo principal de este estudio es identificar qué efectos produce el
fortalecimiento de la musculatura intrínseca plantar en adultos con pie plano o
pie pronado. Metodología: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática de la
evidencia científica de los últimos 5 años. La estrategia de búsqueda se ha
realizado en bases de datos como Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library,
Ebsco y PEDro utilizando los descriptores médicos: “pronation”, “flatfoot”,
“exercise therapy”. La búsqueda fue efectuada durante los meses de febrero y
abril de 2021. En la selección de los artículos se siguieron las proposiciones de
la declaración PRISMA, incluyendo aquellos artículos que cumplían nuestros
criterios de elegibilidad. Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 6 artículos. El
tratamiento más empleado fue el ejercicio de pie corto sólo o combinado con
estimulación eléctrica neuromuscular. Las variables más analizadas fueron el
foot posture index y el navicular drop. En todos los artículos hubo una mejora
significativa de las mediciones estudiadas. Conclusión: El fortalecimiento de la
musculatura intrínseca plantar mejora la cinética y cinemática de la marcha
actuando sobre la alineación del pie y disminuyendo la pronación del pie, el dolor
y la discapacidad en sujetos diagnosticados de pie plano.
Introduction: Flat feet is a modification of the structural anatomy of the foot that can be unilateral or bilateral. The prevalence of this pathology is around 25% of the population. It can be present from birth (congenital flat feet) or develop in adulthood (acquired adult flat feet). The incidence of flat feet decreases with age. Approximately 15% of the adult population with acquired flat feet has no symptoms, but 7-15% develop symptoms and require treatment. Objetive: The main objective of this study is to identify the effects of strengthening the plantar intrinsic musculature in adults with flat feet or pronated foot. Methodology: A systematic review of the scientific evidence of the last 5 years was carried out. The search strategy was carried out in databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ebsco and PEDro using the medical descriptors: "pronation", "flat feet", "exercise therapy". The search was carried out during the months of February and April 2021. In the selection of articles, we followed the propositions of the PRISMA statement, including those articles that met our eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 6 articles were selected. The most employed treatment was short-foot exercise alone or combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The most analyzed variables were foot posture index and navicular drop. In all articles there was a significant improvement in the measurements studied. Conclusion: Strengthening the plantar intrinsic musculature improves gait kinetics and kinematics by acting on foot alignment and decreasing foot pronation, pain and disability in subjects diagnosed with flatfoot.
Introduction: Flat feet is a modification of the structural anatomy of the foot that can be unilateral or bilateral. The prevalence of this pathology is around 25% of the population. It can be present from birth (congenital flat feet) or develop in adulthood (acquired adult flat feet). The incidence of flat feet decreases with age. Approximately 15% of the adult population with acquired flat feet has no symptoms, but 7-15% develop symptoms and require treatment. Objetive: The main objective of this study is to identify the effects of strengthening the plantar intrinsic musculature in adults with flat feet or pronated foot. Methodology: A systematic review of the scientific evidence of the last 5 years was carried out. The search strategy was carried out in databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ebsco and PEDro using the medical descriptors: "pronation", "flat feet", "exercise therapy". The search was carried out during the months of February and April 2021. In the selection of articles, we followed the propositions of the PRISMA statement, including those articles that met our eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 6 articles were selected. The most employed treatment was short-foot exercise alone or combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The most analyzed variables were foot posture index and navicular drop. In all articles there was a significant improvement in the measurements studied. Conclusion: Strengthening the plantar intrinsic musculature improves gait kinetics and kinematics by acting on foot alignment and decreasing foot pronation, pain and disability in subjects diagnosed with flatfoot.
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