Testimonios de imitatio Alexandri de Napoleón Bonaparte en la campaña de Egipto (1798)
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2023
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Este estudio pretende analizar la Campaña de Egipto de Napoleón Bonaparte en 1798
desde la perspectiva de la imitatio Alexandri, a través de los testimonios directos de algunos de los
participantes en la empresa militar y cultural encabezada por el joven general francés y comparando
diversos episodios de la expedición y de la presencia francesa en Egipto con el referente de Alejandro
Magno. Asimismo, se intenta demostrar que dicha imitatio Alexandri no es tan solo una convención,
habitual en la literatura de la especialidad, cuando se estudian los modelos antiguos para Bonaparte,
sino que, incluso en el mismo momento de la campaña, los franceses estaban convencidos de que su
general en jefe pretendía emular la leyenda del macedonio en Egipto y Asia, a tenor de sus actos y
declaraciones. Las fuentes estudiadas comprenden la correspondencia de la expedición de Egipto, así
como las memorias de algunos de los participantes, incluyendo las del mismo Napoleón, y de otros
personajes cercanos. El análisis pone de manifiesto que, tanto en la evocación del modelo histórico
como en el desarrollo de hechos concretos, en la Campaña de Egipto podemos observar realmente
muestras de imitatio Alexandri, pero también de rivalidad y de superación del modelo de Alejandro:
por consiguiente, aemulatio Alexandri.
The aim of this paper is to analyse Napoleon Bonaparte’s 1798 Egyptian Campaign from the perspective of the imitatio Alexandri, through the direct testimonies of some of the participants in the military and cultural enterprise led by the young French general and by comparing various episodes of the expedition and of the French presence in Egypt with the figure of Alexander the Great. It also attempts to show that this imitatio Alexandri is not just a convention, common in the literature in the field when studying ancient models for Bonaparte, but that, even at the time of the campaign, the French were convinced that their commanding general intended to emulate the Macedonian legend in Egypt and Asia, according to his actions and declarations. The sources studied include the correspondence of the Egyptian expedition, as well as the memoirs of some of the participants, including Napoleon himself, and other close associates. The analysis shows that, both in the evocation of the historical model and in the development of specific events, in the Egyptian Campaign we can indeed observe signs of imitatio Alexandri, but also of rivalry and the overcoming of Alexander’s model: hence, of an aemulatio Alexandri.
The aim of this paper is to analyse Napoleon Bonaparte’s 1798 Egyptian Campaign from the perspective of the imitatio Alexandri, through the direct testimonies of some of the participants in the military and cultural enterprise led by the young French general and by comparing various episodes of the expedition and of the French presence in Egypt with the figure of Alexander the Great. It also attempts to show that this imitatio Alexandri is not just a convention, common in the literature in the field when studying ancient models for Bonaparte, but that, even at the time of the campaign, the French were convinced that their commanding general intended to emulate the Macedonian legend in Egypt and Asia, according to his actions and declarations. The sources studied include the correspondence of the Egyptian expedition, as well as the memoirs of some of the participants, including Napoleon himself, and other close associates. The analysis shows that, both in the evocation of the historical model and in the development of specific events, in the Egyptian Campaign we can indeed observe signs of imitatio Alexandri, but also of rivalry and the overcoming of Alexander’s model: hence, of an aemulatio Alexandri.
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Carbó García, J. R. (2023). Testimonios de imitatio Alexandri de Napoleón Bonaparte en la Campaña de Egipto (1798). El Futuro del Pasado, 14, pp. 289-324.
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