Exploring Post-Quantum Cryptography: Review and Directions for the Transition Process

Abstract

As quantum computing advances, current cryptographic protocols are increasingly vulnerable to quantum attacks, particularly those based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) like RSA or ECC. This article presents a comprehensive review of post-quantum cryptography (PQC), analyzing quantum-resistant algorithms such as CRYSTALS–Kyber, Dilithium, Falcon, and SPHINCS+. It discusses their strengths, vulnerabilities, and implementation challenges, and explores transition strategies for organizations, including hybrid cryptography. The study offers key insights into the future of cryptographic standards and the critical steps necessary to prepare for the transition from classical to quantum-resistant systems.