L'abuso del processo tra prassi e scienza giuridica: note sul simultaneus processus nel diritto comune
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2018-07
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Fra XII e XIII secolo, numerose decretali ricorsero alla nozione di abusum per sanzionare il ricorso improprio alla tutela giurisdizionale, in particolare per il tramite della delega di giurisdizione (X 1.3.15; X 1.3.28). Alcune di esse favorirono la realizzazione del simultaneus processus, contrastando le iniziative delle parti volte a delegare a giudici diversi cause connesse al solo fine di aggravare la posizione delle controparti (X 1.3.16; X 1.3.43; VI 1.3.3), come nell’ipotesi – anche oggi particolarmente dibattuta dalla giurisprudenza – del frazionamento del credito. Rispetto alla disciplina della connessione dettata dal diritto romano (Cod. 3.1.10), il diritto canonico estese le sanzioni anche ai casi di connessione soggettiva, valorizzando il dovere di buona fede processuale delle parti e dei loro difensori.
Between the 12th and 13th centuries, several papal decretals resorted to the term abusum in order to punish the misuse of the judicial system, and in particular the abuse of papal delegated jurisdiction (X 1.3.15; X 1.3.28). Some of them helped to establish the simultaneus processus, in opposition to efforts by parties to delegate connected cases to different judges in order to aggravate the overall case against the counterparties (X 1.3.43, VI 1.3.3). One such example is when creditors sought to initiate separate proceedings against the same debtor for each debt to be collected, which is still a topical issue in the courts nowadays. Compared to Roman law (Cod. 3.1.10), medieval canon law extended punishment to cases of subjective connection, thereby reinforcing the duty of good faith of the parties and their lawyers.
Between the 12th and 13th centuries, several papal decretals resorted to the term abusum in order to punish the misuse of the judicial system, and in particular the abuse of papal delegated jurisdiction (X 1.3.15; X 1.3.28). Some of them helped to establish the simultaneus processus, in opposition to efforts by parties to delegate connected cases to different judges in order to aggravate the overall case against the counterparties (X 1.3.43, VI 1.3.3). One such example is when creditors sought to initiate separate proceedings against the same debtor for each debt to be collected, which is still a topical issue in the courts nowadays. Compared to Roman law (Cod. 3.1.10), medieval canon law extended punishment to cases of subjective connection, thereby reinforcing the duty of good faith of the parties and their lawyers.
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